A Short Review on Different Bacteria Types Molecularly Isolated from Different Plant Sources

Abstract

This review highlights the different methods used for characterizing and identifying bacteria from different plant sources using molecular techniques, with the aim of emphasizing the importance of these tools in advancing microbial research. Traditional culture-based methods, though still valuable, often lack the precision, discriminatory power, and speed required for accurate bacterial identification, particularly when dealing with closely related or slow- growing organisms. In contrast, molecular approaches such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PCR-based assays, and protein-profiling techniques have significantly enhanced taxonomic resolution and provided deeper insights into the complexity of bacterial diversity within rhizospheric soils and plant tissues. Across a range of plant systems, including citrus sinensis, lycopersicon esculentum, and centella asiatica, molecularly identified bacterial isolates have demonstrated traits of considerable agronomic and biotechnological relevance. These include plant growth–promoting properties, nutrient solubilization, stress tolerance, and antimicrobial activity, all of which contribute to plant health and sustainable crop improvement. Importantly, the detection and molecular characterization of previously unreported endophytic bacterial species from various geographical regions further underscore the influence of environmental and ecological factors on microbial distribution and diversity.