Assessment and Comparison of Cardiometabolic Diseases Risk Factors in Urban and Rural Communities of Kebbi State

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, are major public health problems related to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the growing burden of these diseases, there is a lack of comprehensive data on cardiometabolic risk factors in both rural and urban areas of Kebbi State. This study aims to assess and compare the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, in rural and urban communities of Kebbi State. The study is a cross-sectional study that involved field data collection from selected rural and urban communities, including the administration of structured questionnaires, clinical measurements, and biochemical testing to evaluate key cardiometabolic markers. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height measurements. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analysis of glucose levels. The study found that urban residents had a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors compared to rural communities (p<0.0001). Hypertension and diabetes were found to be more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural communities (p = 0.010 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Although urban residents had higher mean weight and height, BMI did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Urban residents are more aware (68.5%) and are more likely to believe that lifestyle changes can reduce risks, suggesting the need for better health education in urban areas. There are significant urban-rural disparities in cardiometabolic health, with urban residents experiencing a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, even though urban residents have more knowledge about these risk factors. There is a need for improved health education, especially in rural communities.