Management Of Retained Fetal Membrane In A 7-Year-Old Jersey Brown Cow

Abstract

Retained fetal membrane (RFM) is a common post-parturient disorder in dairy cattle, often resulting in reduced fertility and economic losses if not promptly managed. This report describes the clinical management of RFM in a 7-year-old Jersey cow weighing approximately 500 kg, presented to the Veterinary Clinic, Sokoto State, with a hanging mass protruding from the vulvo-perineal region for more than 12 hours after normal calving. Clinical examination confirmed retained placental membranes, with mild discomfort but stable vital parameters. The condition was treated by gentle manual removal of the retained membranes using a sweeping motion to detach the cotyledons from the maternal caruncles. Uterine lavage with 0.9% normal saline was carried out over three consecutive days to flush out residual discharges. Long-acting oxytetracycline was administered at 20 mg/kg body weight along with analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. The cow recovered well and no further vulval discharge was observed within 24 hours post-treatment. RFM typically arises from incomplete separation of fetal cotyledons from maternal caruncles, influenced by factors such as dystocia, hypocalcaemia, nutritional imbalance, or hormonal dysfunction. Manual removal remains effective when performed carefully to prevent uterine trauma and infection. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and proper management in minimizing complications like metritis, endometritis, and infertility. Preventive measures including balanced nutrition, adequate mineral supplementation, and stress reduction during the peri parturient period are essential for sustaining reproductive performance and minimizing economic losses in dairy production.